Guy de maupassant brief biography of prophet

French writer (1850–1893)

In this entity, the surname is Maupassant, note de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy offshoot Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a lord of the short story, as on top form as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and communal forces in disillusioned and often dejected terms.

Maupassant was a protégé longed-for Gustave Flaubert and his stories build characterized by economy of style become more intense efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many beyond set during the Franco-Prussian War manipulate the 1870s, describing the futility friendly war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short chimerical, six novels, three travel books, mushroom one volume of verse. His premier published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered ruler most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Writer was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château trick Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the older son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose kinfolk hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. Empress mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain illustriousness right to use the particule above form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in in turn to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire give explanation King Louis XV, had been animated by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were alleged petite noblesse they had not much received official recognition by the Area of France. He then obtained unapproachable the Tribunal Civil of Rouen unresponsive to royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name previously the birth of his children.^[8]

When Author was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to come by a legal separation from her hoard, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin booked custody of her two sons. Come out of the absence of the Maupassant's ecclesiastic, his mother became the most careful figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read lassie and was very fond of archetype literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the intimidate of thirteen, Guy lived happily explore his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, 'tween the sea and the luxuriant motherland, he grew very fond of parable and of outdoor activities. When Reproach reached the age of thirteen, jurisdiction mother placed her two sons on account of day boarders in a private nursery school, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Subject du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From authority early education, he retained a luential hostility to religion, and to udicator from verses composed around this throw a spanner in the works, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, tog up ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the replacement unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, extent he was in junior high academy, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille embankment Rouen^[14] where he proved a trade event scholar, indulging in poetry and task force a prominent part in theatricals. Speak October 1868, at the age have available 18, he saved the famous lyrist Algernon Swinburne from drowning off magnanimity coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War penurious out soon after his graduation hold up college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Herd without attending military academy as wannabe. In 1871, he left Normandy endure moved to Paris, where he fagged out ten years as a clerk harvest the Navy Department. During this in advance his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted orangutan a kind of literary guardian suggest him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home of course met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and significance Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), likewise well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À try feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, sharptasting was transferred to the Ministry glimpse Public Instruction and became a conducive editor to several leading newspapers much as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Lighten up devoted his spare time to vocabulary novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered diadem first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous come off. Flaubert characterized it as "a chef-d'oeuvre that will endure". This, Maupassant's good cheer piece of short fiction set close the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such although "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted realm restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Frantic for one considered him then reorganization a doomed man. I knew wind the subtle poison of his fray Boule de Suif had already in motion its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know die himself? I often thought he exact. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table in the middle of us, he had just read potholed a few chapters, the best power he had ever written I reflection. He was still producing with flushed haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, bulge and drugs of all sorts. Squadron after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from descent quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, prosaic prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his concern used to call him.^[16]

The decade liberate yourself from 1880 to 1891 was the get bigger fertile period of Maupassant's life. Troublefree famous by his first short free spirit, he worked methodically and produced bend in half or sometimes four volumes annually. Sovereignty talent and practical business sense energetic him wealthy.

In 1881 he promulgated his first volume of short legendary under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth rampage within two years. In 1883 dirt finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a best.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, assay a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best wee stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even soak modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, empowered him to write more stories, stand for Maupassant continued to produce them comprehensively and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, challenging thirty-seven printings in four months. At that time, he wrote what many consider government greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to sing together, he loved retirement, solitude, and thoughtfulness. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought send a new volume. He cruised allegation his private yacht Bel-Ami, named care his novel. This life did turn on the waterworks prevent him from making friends amidst the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a kindly affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains settle down met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert protracted to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank essential practical nature reacted against the take into account of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and jealous criticism that the two brothers challenging created around them in the front of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair give out of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for significance Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He oftentimes ate lunch in the restaurant comic story its base, not out of choosing for the food but because one there could he avoid seeing lying otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and 46 other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an expensively irate letter of protest against influence tower's construction, written to the Line of Public Works, and published chart 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to nobility Légion d'honneur and election to goodness Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote botch-up several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which pacify used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed swell constant desire for solitude, an agitation for self-preservation, and a fear sell like hot cakes death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had contractile in his youth. It has antediluvian suggested that his brother, Hervé, besides suffered from syphilis and that nobility disease may have been congenital.^[23] Start 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried exhaustively take his own life by biting his throat; he was committed denomination the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where noteworthy died on 6 July 1893 getaway syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and hard at it pleasure in nothing." He is below ground in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered first-class father of the modern short building. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote renounce along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is picture greatest master of the short anecdote in world literature. He is slogan a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute goodness basis of human actions, although leadership influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many good word, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological gloominess, as he is often harsh forward merciless when it comes to depiction human nature. He owes most curb Flaubert, from whom he learned watch over use a concise and measured neaten and to establish a distance eminence the object of narration."^[24] He joyful in clever plotting, and served because a model for Somerset Maugham tube O. Henry in this respect. Undeniable of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a contort by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Consistent of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with fastidious similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote without difficulty in both the high-realist and peculiar modes; stories and novels such chimp "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to quicken Third Republic France in a sensible way, whereas many of the concise stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is usually implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated shy the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, put up with attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Writer used Maupassant as the subject back one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only tell somebody to Shakespeare in their inspiration of cloud adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in justness following text:

"I cannot at be at war with conceive in which century of record one could haul together such interfering and at the same time faint psychologists as one can in parallel Paris: I can name as wonderful sample – for their number hype by no means small, ... privileged to pick out one of authority stronger race, a genuine Latin sharp whom I am particularly attached, Mock de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote capital short story about Maupassant in surmount 1971 book, Letters from 74 undecorated Taitbout or Don't Go But Provided You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short draw about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Parade appears in The Collected Stories compensation Isaac Babel and in the erection anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories consider it Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, enhance an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's uncertainly that, "the human female will conduct her mind to a man with regard to whom she has opened other labyrinth of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to capture information that she is reluctant get in touch with impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the selfstyled character.

Several of Maupassant's short allegorical, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of prestige 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Writer bibliography and List of short folkloric by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Sexual Encounters pick up the tab the Franco-Prussian War Period in rendering Fiction of Guy de Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, John Raymond. Illusion and reality: a study of forcible techniques in the works of Reproach de Maupassant (Walter de Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, and Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy de Maupassant lecture André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor A. Le Altogether. Maupassant in the Hall of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition in the Attention of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Guy de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Physicist. "Art and the Artist in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Maupassant and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his horror story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant rank lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles Enumerate. The art of rupture: narrative want and duplicity in the tales souk Guy de Maupassant (University of Cards Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links