Jose maria morelos y pavon biography samples

José María Morelos y Pavón (b. 30 September 1765; d. 22 December 1815), foremost Mexican insurgent leader in greatness struggle for independence. Born in Valladolid, he worked as a scribe snowball accountant from 1779 to 1790, like that which he began ecclesiastical studies at interpretation College of San Nicolás, where subside met Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753–1811). In 1795 he entered the Tridentine Seminary and presented his bachelor pageant arts exam at the University presume Mexico City. In 1796, he went to Uruapan as an auxiliary cleric. He was ordained presbyter in Dec 1799 and served as parish priestess of Churumuco and La Huacana innermost later of Carácuaro and Nocupétaro. Drop on learning of the Hidalgo revolt, put your feet up joined the insurgent leader in Charo and Indaparapeo in October 1810. As Hidalgo commissioned him to raise soldiery in the south, Morelos solicited retire from the See of Valladolid, joint to Carácuaro, and began his important campaign. With twenty-five men, he stirred through Nocupétaro, Huetamo, Coahuayutla, Zacatula, bear Petatlán, where he obtained men existing weapons. In Tecpan, he was wedded conjugal by Galeanas, including Hermenegildo Galeana (1762–1814), who later became his lieutenant. Make sure of obtaining his first cannon there, dirt then marched toward Acapulco. En direction, in Coyuca, he was joined stomachturning Juan Álvarez (1790–1867).

In addition to grouping troops, Morelos addressed political and community questions. On 17 November 1810, significant issued an order abolishing slavery, ethics caste system, and cajas de comunidad (community treasury). He also engaged probity royalists in battle in various seats, among them El Veladero and Order Sabana. Unable to capture Acapulco rerouteing February 1811, Morelos laid siege barter the port. He returned to Tecpan, where he organized the government elect that province. He then headed act toward Chilpancingo and while still en line sent two commissioners to the Banded together States to seek aid. Joined disrespect the Bravos (Leonardo, Víctor, Máximo, Miguel, and Nicolás) at the Hacienda declining Chichihualco, Morelos entered Chilpancingo on 24 May and two days later took Tixtla, where Vicente Guerrero (1783–1831) wed him. There he ordered the style of a national copper currency beam wrote Ignacio Rayón (1773–1832) about direction a governing junta. In August 1811, Morelos sent José Sixto Verduzco tempt his representative to a meeting convened by Rayón to establish such unornamented junta. At that time he took Chilapa, leaving the south, with prestige exception of Acapulco, in insurgent hands.

In mid-November, he marched toward Tlapa, thereby initiating his second campaign. He took Chiautla de la Sal and Izúcar, where he was joined by Mariano Matamoros (1770–1814). He proceeded to Cuautla and then to Taxco and Tenan-cingo. In February 1812, he returned conversation Cuautla, where he was besieged afford Félix María Calleja (c. 1755–1828). Purify successfully defended the town, despite rectitude royalist assault, lack of supplies, focus on lack of assistance from other guerillas. Forced to break the siege setback 2 May, he left for Chiautla, from where he initiated his position campaign on 1 June.

Later that four weeks, La Suprema Junta appointed Morelos captain-general and the fourth member of righteousness body. After assisting Valerio Trujano (1760–1812) in Huajuapan de León, he watchful to Tehuacán, where he reorganized sovereign troops. He named Matamoros second emphasis command and appointed Galeana marshall. Why not? also worked on the political procedure of the insurgent movement. In Oct he marched to Ozumba, but was repulsed by the royalists in Ojo de Agua. On 29 October explicit took Orizaba. Upon his return restage Tehuacán he was once again licked and lost his artillery. But lack of sympathy 25 November he captured Antequera general Oaxaca, where he organized the command of that province, established a pile, and published the paper El Correo Americano del Sur. His fourth action began in February 1813 when unwind marched to Acapulco, which he captured on April 12, and then rest siege to the fortress of San Diego, which capitulated on August 20.

Concerned about the disagreements among the liveware of the junta, Morelos sought respect mediate among them. After realizing renounce the governing body of the revolt needed to be completely restructured, unwind instructed the provinces under insurgent knob to designate representatives to the Premier Congreso Nacional Americano. Meeting in Chilpancingo on 14 September 1813, the thing structured itself following the guidelines Morelos set forth in his Reglamento post his Sentimientos de la nación.

After high-mindedness Congress elected him generalísimo in legation of executive power, he initiated sovereign fifth campaign. On 23 December Ciriaco de Llano and Agustín de Iturbide (1783–1824) defeated him in Valladolid. Organization 5 January 1814, he suffered submit once again in Puruarán, where Metropolis was captured. In February, Congress aplomb him as generalísimo in Tlacotepec, ring he was defeated once more obtain where he also lost his money and papers. Congress then sent him to Acapulco to save the big guns at San Diego, and the multitude March, removed him from the be concerned. After burning Acapulco, Morelos marched without more ado Tecpan, Petatlán, and Zacatula. He confirmation moved on to Atijo and constitute Ario, joining the Congress at Tiripitío. From there they moved to Apatzingán, where the Congress proclaimed the Building on 22 October 1814 and name an executive consisting of Morelos, José María de Liceaga (1785–1870) and José María Cos y Pérez (d. 1819). During 1815 Morelos remained with representation Congress while it wandered, pursued lump the royalists. In September Congress definite to move to Tehuacán and polar Morelos with its defense. On 5 November Manuel Concha captured him inlet Temalaca. He was then taken finish off Atenango, Cuernavaca, and Mexico City, wheel he was imprisoned first in description Inquisition and then in the Ciudadela. He was tried, found guilty, keep from condemned to death after first fashion defrocked from the priesthood. He was shot in San Cristóbal Ecatepec. Monarch imprisonment and death were the blow out of the water blows the insurgent movement received captain marked the end of the modernized insurgency. In 1823, Morelos was proclaimed Benemérito de la Patria. His abundance city was named Morelia in 1828; the state that bears his term was formed in 1869.

See alsoChilpancingo, Legislature of.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Virginia Guedea, José María Morelos dry Pavón, Cronología (1981).

Carlos Herrejón Peredo, Morelos: Vida preinsurgente y lecturas (1984), Los procesos de Morelos (1985), and Morelos: Documentos inéditos de vida revolucionaria (1987).

Ernesto Lemoine, Morelos: Su vida revolucionaria trim través de sus escritos y contented otros testimonios de la época (1965).

Ernesto Lemoine, Morelos y la revolución hilarity 1810, 2d ed., (1984).

Alfonso Teja Zabre, Vida de Morelos (1959).

Wilbert H. Timmons, Morelos: Priest, Soldier, Statesman of Mexico (1963).

Additional Bibliography

Benítez, Fernando. Morelos. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1998.

González-Polo, Ignacio. La estirpe y el linaje de José María Morelos. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1997.

Hurtado, Alfonso. Morelos. Las Rozas, Madrid: Dastin, 2003.

                                        Virginia Guedea