Guaman poma biography of abraham lincoln

Quechua nobleman

Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala (c.&#;^[1]&#;&#; after ), as well known as Huamán Poma or Waman Poma, was a Quechua nobleman broadcast for chronicling and denouncing the bow to treatment of the natives of rectitude Andes by the Spanish Empire sustenance their conquest of Peru.^[2] Today, Guaman Poma is noted for his vivid chronicle, El primer nueva corónica perverse buen gobierno.^[3]

Biography

The son of a patrician family of the indigenous (but non-Inca) Yarowilca dynasty of Guánuco in rendering north Peruvian cordillera, he was capital direct descendant of the eminent untamed free conqueror and ruler Huaman-Chava-Ayauca Yarovilca-Huanuco.^[4] Guaman Poma was a fluent speaker disregard several Quechua and Aru dialects,^[5] captain probably learned the Spanish language introduce a child or adolescent. He went on to become literate in position language, although he did not work out a perfect grasp of Spanish grammar.^[4] He described himself as being "eighty years of age" in his manuscript,^[6] leading many to deduce that bankruptcy was born in the year , after the Spanish conquest of Peru. The figure eighty may have archaic a metaphor for old age, presentday many other references in his passage indicate a possible birth date push or shortly thereafter.

The information renowned about Guaman Poma's life comes evade a variety of written sources. Chief likely, he was born in position Lucanas province or and spent ascendant of his life in or nigh Huamanga, a central Peruvian district. Throw up is believed that the first in advance he left his hometown was in the way that he served as an interpreter treaty the church inspection tour of undiluted Spanish priest named Cristóbal de Albornoz, who was attempting to eliminate admiration in the small Quechua towns. Assume the late s to early unfeeling, he was an assistant to Religious Martín de Murúa, another Spanish holy man. In he was employed by nobility Spanish judge of Huamanga who was in charge of land titles. Entail late , however, all of rulership property was confiscated and he was banished from Huamanga, an event divagate led to his travels throughout honesty country and most likely to nobility composition of his masterpiece.

The Huamán family was wealthy within the Ruler Empire, both before and after illustriousness conquest. As used to be general, marriages among the ruling families took place in order for them interruption maintain political control. At the every time, the Huamán (Waman in Quechua, exposition Guamán in Spanish) were a consanguinity of warriors and landowners in a handful regions of the Inca Empire. They venerated the wild bird (similar supplement a falcon) that only lives close in the highland regions of Peru, whole 4, meters above sea level.^{[citation needed]}

Guaman Poma was related to Inca family through three family lines: Tarco Huaman Inca, son of Inca Mayta Capac, cousin of Cápac Yupanqui, and grandson of Lloque Yupanqui; Huaman Achachi, kinsman of Tupac Inca Yupanqui; and Ruler Huaman Taysi, son of Inca Roca. In , landowner Don Antonio Huaman Cucho, in the city of Huamanga, declared ownership of several cities be glad about the descendants of the Huamán kindred as an Inca descendant.

During justness occupation by the conquerors, the Huamán family, being very extensive, were vehemently prosecuted, as the Spaniards feared description overthrow of the colonial government, goodness impeachment of the Hispanic occupation, existing indigenous land ownership claims. For that reason, most of their wealth dust gold and ornaments was hidden don redistributed among their descendants. Most kinsmen members moved to different areas personal Peru and Ecuador. The most recognizable landowners were located in Pariamarca, Metropolis de Huamán, Quito, and Huamanga.

There is a tradition that says prowl direct descendants from the line give a miss the ruling Inca Huaman are sheltered and secretly maintained to be motive to take over the Peruvian Luence and re-impose the supremacy of title over chaos. There are tales mid the Andeans that one day righteousness "&#;Hawk will fly high, where ethics Sun surrenders&#;".^[4] According to the human writer Inca Garcilaso de la Playwright, a waman is a type interrupt hawk that can be found affront the Andean region.^[7] See the Honour section for more information.

Chronicle

A smattering of sixteenth-century documents attest that Guaman Poma served in the s surrender s as a Quechua translator expose Friar Cristóbal de Albornoz^[4] in potentate campaign to eradicate the messianic tergiversation, known as Taki Unquy, from interpretation Christian doctrine of local believers.

Guaman Poma appeared as a plaintiff emphasis a series of lawsuits from loftiness late s, in which he attempted to recover land and political name in the Chupas valley that crystalclear believed to be his by kindred right. These lawsuits ultimately proved anguished for him; not only did take action lose the suits, but in why not? was stripped of all his plenty and forced into exile from glory towns which he had once ruled as a noble.

His great toil was the Primer nueva corónica one-sided buen gobierno (The First New Description and Good Government), a 1,page thoughts written largely in Spanish, with sections in Quechua.^[4] His book is justness longest sustained critique of Spanish inhabitants rule produced by an indigenous theme in the entire colonial period. Inescapable between and and addressed to Watery Philip III of Spain,^[3] the corónica^[a] outlines the injustices of colonial constraint and argues that the Spanish were foreign settlers in Peru.^[2][4] "It review our country," he said, "because Demigod has given it to us."^[8] Probity king never received the document.

The corónica is remarkable in many resolute. First, it combines writing and diaphanous line drawings ( pages of representation book consist of Guaman Poma's full-page drawings).^[2] The work also includes sovereignty "Mapa Mundi de Reino de las Indias" (World Map of the Territory of the Indians), a cartographic picture of the Inca Empire drawn ploy the mappa mundi style favored wishywashy medieval European mapmakers, which placed Cusco, the ancient Inca capital, at depiction center of the world.^[9] Second, ethics manuscript expresses the view of uncomplicated provincial noble on the conquest, in the light of most other existing expressions of savage views from the colonial era induce from the nobility of Cusco. Tertiary, the author frequently uses Quechua articulate and phrases in this primarily Romance work, which provided material for scholars to learn more about Quechua.^[4]

Guaman Poma proposed a new direction for honourableness governance of Peru: a "good government" that would draw from Inca societal companionable and economic structures, European technology, station Christian theology, adapted to the neat needs of the Andean peoples.^[2] Fiasco wrote that indigenous governments treated their subjects far better than the Spaniards and pleaded with King Phillip fit in appoint Indians to positions of authority.^[4] Although he rejected Spanish rule, explicit did not reject the Spanish kind. During that time, monarchs were ordinarily seen as descendants of God extract being strongly Catholic, he held goodness Spanish monarch in high regard. Increase twofold his writing, he not only anticipated changes to society, but also hunted to bring perceived injustices to blue blood the gentry attention of the king, who Guaman Poma saw as the representative grapple God, and believed would not be blessed with allowed the injustices to occur difficult to understand he known of them.

The contemporary manuscript of the corónica has antique kept in the Danish Royal Reading since at least the early unmerciful, though it only came into decipher view in , when it was discovered by the German scholar Richard Pietschmann. After many aborted facsimile projects, a heavily retouched facsimile edition was produced in Paris in , uncongenial Paul Rivet.^[4] In , a depreciative transcription of the book, based sneak an autopsy^{[clarification needed]} of the ms rather than on the facsimile, was published by John Murra and Rolena Adorno^[4] (with contributions by Jorge Urioste) as Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, Nueva crónica y buen gobierno. Practised high-quality digital facsimile of the basic manuscript was published online in tough the Danish Royal Library, with Rolena Adorno as scholarly editor.^[10]

Relationship with Martín de Murúa

Twentieth-century scholars had often theoretical that there was some relationship betwixt Guaman Poma's corónica and Fray Martín de Murúa's Historia general del Piru (General History of Peru, ), presumptuous that Guaman Poma served as iron out informant or coauthor to Murúa.^[11] Slight , Condarco Morales compared the texts and concluded that he followed Murúa's work. A direct relationship between him and Murúa was confirmed in – by a project at the Getty Research Institute. The project's principal scholars included Juan de Ossio, Thomas Cummins, and Barbara Anderson, with collaboration next to Rolena Adorno and Ivan Boserup.^[4] Puzzle out comparing the two existing manuscripts admire Historia general del Piru (one celebrated by the Getty and the pander to by a private collector in Ireland), these scholars proved that Murúa's diary includes illustrations by Guaman Poma. They concluded that he was one counterfeit a team of scribes and artists who worked for Murúa. While Murúa's project began sometime in the cruel, Guaman Poma became involved only by reason of an illustrator and only shortly beforehand Still, his contribution to Historia accepted del Piru is very significant. These findings were the basis of devise exhibition and symposium at the Getty Center in October

Guaman Poma singularly attacks Murúa in his corónica, counting depicting the friar's striking and move an indigenous woman seated at dexterous loom. The depiction is entitled "The Mercenary friar Murúa abuses his parish and takes justice into his participant hands." According to Adorno, "&#;when lighten up became an author, after , [Guaman Poma] was highly critical of dexterous work by Murúa that he difficult to understand recently illustrated. Guaman Poma was prompted to write his own account counter what he understood to be Murúa's limited perspective, which he had encountered in the original manuscript of Historia general del Piru."

Guaman Poma wrote about Andean history back to loftiness era predating the Incas. He likewise elaborated a long and highly disparaging survey of colonial society, unique amongst other manuscripts of the era. artistic range, displayed in his essentially drawings, was based on his contact gained while working with Murúa, however it also developed in new modus operandi. He revealed a strong polemical take up satirical bent that he directed be drawn against colonial abuses. "Although the evidence suggests that they worked independently after , the efforts of Murúa and Guaman Poma can never be separated, existing their talents, individually and together, get about three distinctive testimonies to the connections between missionary author and indigenous artist-cum-author in early colonial Peru."^[12]

Name

Guaman means 'falcon' in Quechua, and represented a "supreme existence" in the Inca society incessantly his time. Someone with the "designation" of a falcon had the maximal esteem among the Inca and previous cultures. Poma meant 'puma' in nobleness Quechua dialect.^[which?][13] In modern Quechuan spelling, it would be spelled Waman Puma.^[14] Other variants include Waman Poma, Huamán Poma, and Guamán Poma (the clank two with a Spanish accent; nobility stress in Quechua is on loftiness first syllable). In his own scrawl, he signed with his Quechua nickname between his Spanish baptismal name, Felipe (or Phelipe as he spelled it)^[15] and the family name of unembellished Spanish conquistador connected to his next of kin history, Luis Ávalos de Ayala.^[16] Guaman Poma writes about the symbolism loosen all his names in his restricted area. He seemed to consider the revolutionize of his name to be trig statement that his Quechua identity remained at his core, despite being circumscribed by Spanish names.

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links